Kuwerengera kwa Mpweya Wotulutsa Mpweya ndi Kusankha Zida Zomangamanga mu Tunneling(1)

M'kati mofukula ngalandeyo, kuti achepetse ndi kutulutsa utsi wamfuti, fumbi, mpweya wowopsa komanso wowopsa wopangidwa ndi kuphulika, komanso kukhalabe ndi zinthu zabwino zogwirira ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino wa migodi kapena malo ena ogwirira ntchito (ndiko kuti, kutumiza mpweya wabwino).Koma pakali pano, pomanga ngalandeyo, kusankha ndi kufananitsa makina opumira mpweya ndi zida, komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi liwiro la mphepo nthawi zambiri zimatengera zomwe zidachitika.Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwachidule momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa mpweya wabwino ndikusankha zida pomanga ngalandeyo.

1. Mpweya wabwino ndi ntchito yake

Mpweya wabwino umatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kutalika kwa ngalandeyo, njira yomangira ndi zida, ndipo amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe komanso mpweya wabwino wamakina.Mpweya wabwino wa chilengedwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya mumlengalenga pakati pa mkati ndi kunja kwa ngalandeyo kuti mupumule popanda zida zamakina;).Njira ziwiri zoyambira mpweya wabwino wamakina (kulowetsa mpweya wabwino ndi kutulutsa mpweya) zikuwonetsedwa muzithunzi zoyambira pamakina opangira ngalande (Chithunzi 1);mpweya wosakanikirana ndi kuphatikiza kwa njira ziwiri zoyambira mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimagawika m'mikhalidwe yayitali komanso yocheperako, yothamanga komanso yayitali.Mtundu wokhotakhota mwachidule (mtundu wa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo).Kuthekera ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa chilichonse ndi chotere (onani Gulu 1).

Table 1 Kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuyerekeza zabwino ndi zoyipa za njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ngalande.

Mpweya wabwino			Mtundu wovomerezeka wa ngalandeyo	Kuyerekeza ubwino ndi kuipa
Mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe			Ma tunnel okhala ndi utali wochepera 300 metres komanso wopanda mpweya woyipa wopangidwa ndi miyala yomwe amadutsamo kapena kutsekereza mpweya.	Ubwino: palibe zida zamakina, osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, palibe ndalama. Kuipa: koyenera ku ngalande zazifupi zokha kapena kumabowola kudzera mu mpweya wabwino.
Makina Olowera mpweya	Press-in mpweya wabwino		Oyenera kumachubu apakatikati ndi aafupi	Ubwino wake: Liwiro la mphepo ndi njira yabwino yotulutsira mpweya ndi yayikulu, mphamvu yotulutsa utsi ndi yamphamvu, nthawi yopumira ya nkhope yogwira ntchito ndi yayifupi, njira yolowera mpweya imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, mtengo wake ndi wotsika, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ngalande. Zoipa: Mpweya wobwereranso umaipitsa ngalande yonse, ndipo kutulukako kumakhala pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimawononga malo ogwira ntchito.
	M'zigawo mpweya wabwino		Oyenera kumachubu apakatikati ndi aafupi	Ubwino wake: Fumbi, mpweya wapoizoni ndi wovulaza amakokera mwachindunji mu fani, ndipo amatulutsidwa mumphangayo kudzera pa fani, osaipitsa malo ena, ndipo mpweya ndi malo ogwirira ntchito mumphangayo zimakhala zabwino. Kuipa: Ma ducts a mpweya wozungulira amatenga njira yosinthira mpweya ya layflat yokhala ndi chigoba cha waya wachitsulo kapena njira yolimba ya mpweya, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera.
	Mpweya wosakanizidwa		Njira zazitali komanso zazitali zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza kutulutsa ndikulowetsa mpweya wabwino	Ubwino wake: mpweya wabwino. Zoipa: Ma seti awiri a mafani ndi ma ducts a mpweya amafunikira. Ubwino wina ndi kuipa ndi chimodzimodzi atolankhani-mu ndi m'zigawo mpweya wabwino.

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